ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: This study explores the predictive and monitoring capabilities of clinical and multiparametric MR parameters in assessing capecitabine and temozolomide (CAPTEM) therapy response in patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NET). PATIENTS AND METHODS: This retrospective study (n = 44) assessed CAPTEM therapy response in neuroendocrine liver metastases (NELM) patients. Among 33 monitored patients, as a subgroup of the overall study cohort, pretherapeutic and follow-up MRI data (size, apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC] values, and signal intensities), along with clinical parameters (chromogranin A [CgA] and Ki-67%), were analyzed. Progression-free survival (PFS) served as the reference. Responders were defined as those with PFS ≥ 6 months. RESULTS: Most patients were male (75%) and had G2 tumors (76%) with a pancreatic origin (84%). Median PFS was 5.7 months; Overall Survival (OS) was 25 months. Non-responders (NR) had higher Ki-67 in primary tumors (16.5 vs. 10%, p = 0.01) and increased hepatic burden (20% vs. 5%, p = 0.007). NR showed elevated CgA post-treatment, while responders (R) exhibited a mild decrease. ADC changes differed significantly between groups, with NR having decreased ADCmin (-23%) and liver-adjusted ADCmean/ADCmean liver (-16%), compared to R's increases of ADCmin (50%) and ADCmean/ADCmean liver (30%). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis identified the highest area under the curve (AUC) (0.76) for a single parameter for ∆ ADC mean/liver ADCmean, with a cut-off of < 6.9 (76% sensitivity, 75% specificity). Combining ∆ Size NELM and ∆ ADCmin achieved the best balance (88% sensitivity, 60% specificity) outperforming ∆ Size NELM alone (69% sensitivity, 65% specificity). Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated significantly longer PFS for ∆ ADCmean/ADCmean liver < 6.9 (p = 0.024) and ∆ Size NELM > 0% + ∆ ADCmin < -2.9% (p = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS: Survival analysis emphasizes the need for adapted response criteria, involving combined evaluation of CgA, ADC values, and tumor size for monitoring CAPTEM response in hepatic metastasized NETs.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of 1.5 T true fast imaging with steady state precession (TrueFISP) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences for the detection and characterization of pulmonary abnormalities caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective single-center study, computed tomography (CT) and MRI scans of 20 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were evaluated with regard to the distribution, opacity, and appearance of pulmonary lesions, as well as bronchial changes, pleural effusion, and thoracic lymphadenopathy. McNemar's test was used in order to compare the COVID-19-associated alterations seen on CT with those seen on MRI. RESULTS: Ground-glass opacities were better visualized on CT than on MRI (p = 0.031). We found no statistically significant differences between CT and MRI regarding the visualization/characterization of the following: consolidations; interlobular/intralobular septal thickening; the distribution or appearance of pulmonary abnormalities; bronchial pathologies; pleural effusion; and thoracic lymphadenopathy. CONCLUSION: Pulmonary abnormalities caused by COVID-19 pneumonia can be detected on TrueFISP MRI sequences and correspond to the patterns known from CT. Especially during the current pandemic, the portions of the lungs imaged on cardiac or abdominal MRI should be carefully evaluated to promote the identification and isolation of unexpected cases of COVID-19, thereby curbing further spread of the disease.
OBJETIVO: Avaliar o desempenho da ressonância magnética (RM) de 1,5 T true fast imaging with steady state precession (TrueFISP) para detecção e caracterização de anormalidades pulmonares causadas por doença do coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19). MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Neste estudo retrospectivo unicêntrico, imagens de tomografia computadorizada (TC) e RM de 20 pacientes com pneumonia COVID-19 foram avaliadas em relação a distribuição, opacidade e forma das lesões pulmonares, anormalidades brônquicas, derrame pleural e linfadenopatia torácica. O teste de McNemar foi usado para comparar os achados associados à COVID-19 na TC e na RM. RESULTADOS: As opacidades em vidro fosco foram mais bem visualizadas na TC do que na RM (p = 0,031). Não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre TC e RM em relação aos outros aspectos, ou seja, visualização de consolidações e espessamento septal interlobular/intralobular, distribuição ou forma de anormalidades pulmonares, doenças brônquicas, derrame pleural ou linfadenopatia torácica. CONCLUSÃO: As anomalias pulmonares causadas pela pneumonia por COVID-19 podem ser detectadas nas sequências TrueFISP e correspondem aos padrões conhecidos da TC. Especialmente em face da pandemia atual, as porções de imagem dos pulmões na RM cardíaca ou abdominal devem ser cuidadosamente avaliadas para apoiar a identificação e o isolamento de casos inesperados de COVID-19 e, assim, conter a disseminação.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Objective: To evaluate the performance of 1.5 T true fast imaging with steady state precession (TrueFISP) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences for the detection and characterization of pulmonary abnormalities caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Materials and Methods: In this retrospective single-center study, computed tomography (CT) and MRI scans of 20 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were evaluated with regard to the distribution, opacity, and appearance of pulmonary lesions, as well as bronchial changes, pleural effusion, and thoracic lymphadenopathy. McNemar's test was used in order to compare the COVID-19-associated alterations seen on CT with those seen on MRI. Results: Ground-glass opacities were better visualized on CT than on MRI (p = 0.031). We found no statistically significant differences between CT and MRI regarding the visualization/characterization of the following: consolidations; interlobular/intralobular septal thickening; the distribution or appearance of pulmonary abnormalities; bronchial pathologies; pleural effusion; and thoracic lymphadenopathy. Conclusion: Pulmonary abnormalities caused by COVID-19 pneumonia can be detected on TrueFISP MRI sequences and correspond to the patterns known from CT. Especially during the current pandemic, the portions of the lungs imaged on cardiac or abdominal MRI should be carefully evaluated to promote the identification and isolation of unexpected cases of COVID-19, thereby curbing further spread of the disease.
Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar o desempenho da ressonância magnética (RM) de 1,5 T true fast imaging with steady state precession (TrueFISP) para detecção e caracterização de anormalidades pulmonares causadas por doença do coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19). Materiais e Métodos: Neste estudo retrospectivo unicêntrico, imagens de tomografia computadorizada (TC) e RM de 20 pacientes com pneumonia COVID-19 foram avaliadas em relação a distribuição, opacidade e forma das lesões pulmonares, anormalidades brônquicas, derrame pleural e linfadenopatia torácica. O teste de McNemar foi usado para comparar os achados associados à COVID-19 na TC e na RM. Resultados: As opacidades em vidro fosco foram mais bem visualizadas na TC do que na RM (p = 0,031). Não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre TC e RM em relação aos outros aspectos, ou seja, visualização de consolidações e espessamento septal interlobular/intralobular, distribuição ou forma de anormalidades pulmonares, doenças brônquicas, derrame pleural ou linfadenopatia torácica. Conclusão: As anomalias pulmonares causadas pela pneumonia por COVID-19 podem ser detectadas nas sequências TrueFISP e correspondem aos padrões conhecidos da TC. Especialmente em face da pandemia atual, as porções de imagem dos pulmões na RM cardíaca ou abdominal devem ser cuidadosamente avaliadas para apoiar a identificação e o isolamento de casos inesperados de COVID-19 e, assim, conter a disseminação.
